noninvasive glucose prediction

hello,
Last week, I did a presentation about a noninvasive glucose prediction device. This device was invented by a faculty member at Glendale Community College. Mr. Ui Luu invented this device with keeping in mind the importance of the speed and accuracy of the reading.
His device was measuring the glucose level in the blood without using a blood sample, instead, the device is using light that is reflected from the skin as a lead to measure the glucose level in the blood.

the invention consists of three components:

  • an embedded microcontroller,
  • a 20-bit analog-to-digital converter,
  • and a stepper motor driver and position encoder

Key responsibilities of the microcontroller include:

  •  Controlling the illumination system;
  •  Controlling the monochromator;
  •  Capture and store optical data from the patient Interface and the photo detectors; and
  •  Monitor temperature sensors on instruments and the patient interface.
a 20-bit analog-to-digital converter,

Two 20-bit analog-to-digital converters (A/D) are controlled by a programmable logic device (PLD). The PLD provides timing and control signals to sample and capture four channels of 20-bit. The results of data captured are stored in a dual-port RAM for data storage.

A universal serial bus (USB) device is provided for transferring captured data to a PC host for further data processing and analysis.

stepper motor driver and position encoder:

Key responsibilities of this module include:
  • Providing optical isolation between the microcontroller and the stepper motor.
  • Providing a drive for effecting two-phase control of the bipolar stepper motor component of the monochromator
  • Monitoring optical stops for the range of motor movements.
  • Providing a decoder for decoding stepper information received from the optical position encoder via one or more optoisolators.

How does it work? 
The presently preferred embodiment of the invention operates in connection with a monochromator, which serves as a light source that illuminates a tissue to be sampled in making a determination of blood glucose levels. A monochromator is an optical instrument that is designed to separate polychromatic white light (i.e. light consisting of more than one color or wavelength) into monochromatic light (i.e. light of a single color). State of the art monochromators typically uses a Czerny-Turner optical system. Light enters an entrance slit and is collected by the collimating mirror. Collimated light strikes a grating and is dispersed into individual wavelengths (i.e. colors). Each wavelength leaves the grating at a different angle and is re-imaged at the exit slit by a focusing mirror. Because each wavelength images at a different horizontal position, only the wavelength at the slit opening is allowed to exit the monochromator. Varying the width of the entrance and exit slits allows more (or fewer) wavelengths of light to exit the system.

Rotating the diffraction grating scans wavelengths across the exit slit opening. The monochromatic light produced by a monochromator can be used to illuminate a sample, or it can be scanned across a detector and measured for intensity at individual wavelengths. Conventional monochromators use an oscillating grating to perform such spectral separation. The grating is typically oscillated by a drive mechanism.

A light source is activated by a lamp driver. An optical signal travels through a light blocker, monochromator, and patient interface module, and feeds back to the digital system via one or more photo detectors. The embedded controller selects the output wavelength of the light spectrum by controlling a stepper motor at the monochromator. The controlled optical signal reaches the target through the patient interface module and is then received at the photo detectors. The electrical signal is conditioned by a signal conditioning module and read by 20-bit analog-to-digital converters. The optical spectrum is then analyzed and processed by an algorithm to provide glucose level prediction. Various algorithms are known. The selection of an algorithm is a matter of choice for those skilled in the art and a discussion thereof is beyond the scope of the disclosure herein.

Temperature sensors are incorporated to monitor detectors temperature, instrument internal temperature, external ambient and target temperature.


I personally think that this device is a brilliant invention because the invention patent was dated on July 1, 2003, it has been over 16 years. It is probably one of the first devices that predicts the glucose level in the blood using noninvasive techniques.

the link to the patent is:








Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

glucose detector noninvasive, new devices

Image
Hello, After I researched Mr. Ui Luu's device to measure the glucose level in the blood noninvasively, I was assigned to research for new devices that are an updated version of Mr. Ui Luu's device. I found a really interesting new device that uses different methods and techniques to give the glucose level in the blood noninvasively, and these devices can be installed in many different parts in or on the body. Note; there some devices that will be installed right under the skin, so we might want to consider that as a semi-invasive device. The devices that I found are the following: Dexcom :  Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems track glucose levels throughout the day. CGM users insert a tiny sensor wire just under their skin using an automatic applicator. An adhesive patch holds the CGM sensor housing in place so the sensor can measure glucose readings in interstitial fluid throughout the day and night. A small, reusable transmitter connects to the sensor wire and
Read more

Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods

Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods Thermal lens spectroscopy (TLS) is one of a family of photothermal techniques that can be used for physical and chemical analysis and is well suited for the characterization of transparent materials. An improvement in the limits of optical absorption detection of three orders of magnitude or more than that obtained by conventional absorbance spectrophotometric techniques has been achieved, which is ideal for ultra-trace determination and absorption spectrum measurements. By using TLS, absolute fluorescent quantum yields can be deduced precisely without the requirement for luminescent standards. TLS has also been employed for the measurements of thermal properties such as thermal diffusivity of solid and liquid samples. In the thermal lens measurement, a transparent sample is illuminated using radiation from a laser beam (excitation beam) Some of the radiation is absorbed by the sample or by chromophores within the sample. Excited-state species
Read more